ISSA Nutritionist Practice Exam

Which of these hydration biomarkers provides the best index of day to day hydration?

1. Urine color

2. Urine volume

3. Serum sodium levels

4. Body weight

The correct answer is: Urine volume

Urine volume is a reliable biomarker for day-to-day hydration status because it directly reflects fluid intake and hydration levels in the body. When a person is well-hydrated, they typically produce a larger volume of urine, as the kidneys filter excess water from the bloodstream. Conversely, a reduced urine volume often indicates dehydration, as the body conserves water to maintain necessary physiological functions. This measure is advantageous for assessing hydration because it can be influenced by the immediate intake of fluids, making it a straightforward indicator of a person's hydration status over short periods. In contrast, while urine color can provide some insight into hydration status, it is somewhat subjective and influenced by factors like diet and certain medications, thus making it a less accurate reflection of hydration than urine volume. Serum sodium levels can indicate hydration status but are more often used in clinical settings to assess electrolyte balance and can fluctuate due to various underlying health issues, not just hydration levels. Body weight changes can give clues about hydration, especially with significant shifts, but these changes can be influenced by numerous factors including diet, exercise, and metabolic processes. Therefore, urine volume stands out as the most practical and immediate measure for monitoring day-to-day hydration.